Cov ntsaws ruaj ruajua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv kev zam kev xau rau ntau yam lag luam sib txawv. Hauv kev lag luam marine muajtwj tso kua mis txhua yam foob, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj uas tig tau. Thiab hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj av muajcov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws xob,Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj sib cais lossis cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj roj qhuav. Hauv kev lag luam tsheb muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj dej. Thiab hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj sib xyaw (cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj agitator) thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj compressor.
Nyob ntawm seb siv ntau yam mob li cas, nws xav tau cov tshuaj sealing nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Muaj ntau hom khoom siv hauvcov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntawm lub ncej xws li cov khoom siv kho tshuab ceramic, cov khoom siv kho tshuab carbon, cov khoom siv kho tshuab Silicone carbide,SSIC cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj thiabTC cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj.
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic
Cov foob pob ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam kev siv hauv kev lag luam, tsim los tiv thaiv kev xau ntawm cov kua dej ntawm ob qhov chaw, xws li lub qhov tig thiab lub tsev nyob ruaj khov. Cov foob pob no muaj nqis heev rau lawv txoj kev tiv taus kev hnav zoo heev, kev tiv taus kev xeb, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias heev.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic mechanical seals yog los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev poob dej lossis kev ua qias tuaj. Lawv siv rau hauv ntau yam lag luam, suav nrog roj thiab roj av, kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, kev kho dej, tshuaj, thiab kev ua zaub mov. Kev siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem yog vim lawv txoj kev tsim kho ruaj khov; lawv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic siab heev uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo dua li lwm cov khoom siv foob.
Cov foob pob ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: ib qho yog lub ntsej muag ruaj khov (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic), thiab lwm qhov yog lub ntsej muag tig (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon graphite). Kev ua haujlwm sib khi tshwm sim thaum ob lub ntsej muag raug nias ua ke siv lub zog caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsim kom muaj kev thaiv zoo tiv thaiv cov kua dej xau. Thaum cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, cov zaj duab xis lubricating ntawm cov ntsej muag sib khi txo kev sib txhuam thiab hnav thaum tswj hwm lub foob nruj.
Ib qho tseem ceeb uas ua rau cov foob pob ceramic sib txawv ntawm lwm hom yog lawv qhov kev tiv taus zoo heev. Cov khoom siv ceramic muaj cov khoom tawv zoo heev uas ua rau lawv nyiaj tau cov xwm txheej abrasive yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Qhov no ua rau cov foob pob ntev dua uas xav tau kev hloov pauv lossis kev saib xyuas tsawg dua li cov uas ua los ntawm cov khoom mos.
Ntxiv rau qhov tsis yooj yim hnav, cov khoom siv ceramic kuj tseem muaj kev ruaj khov thermal zoo heev. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub siab yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis poob lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm sealing. Qhov no ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab uas lwm cov ntaub ntawv foob yuav ua tsis tiav ua ntej lub sijhawm.
Thaum kawg, cov foob pob ceramic muaj kev sib raug zoo heev rau cov tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau kev tiv taus ntau yam tshuaj corrosive. Qhov no ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau cov lag luam uas niaj hnub ua haujlwm nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg hnyav thiab cov kua dej hnyav.
Cov foob pob zeb ceramic yog qhov tseem ceebcov khoom sib txuastsim los tiv thaiv cov kua dej xau hauv cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, xws li kev tiv taus kev hnav, kev ruaj khov thermal, thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau yam lag luam
| cov khoom siv lub cev ceramic | ||||
| Kev ntsuas kev txawj ntse | chav tsev | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Qhov Ceev | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 | 3.9 |
| Qhov nyuaj | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Tus nqi porosity | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Lub zog tawg | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Coefficient ntawm kev nthuav dav cua sov | 10(-6)/K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| Kev ua kom sov tau zoo | W/MK | 27.8 | 26.7 | 26 |
Cov roj carbon mechanical seals
Lub foob pob carbon muaj keeb kwm ntev. Graphite yog ib qho isoform ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon. Xyoo 1971, Tebchaws Meskas tau kawm txog cov khoom siv foob pob graphite uas ua tau zoo, uas daws qhov xau ntawm lub zog atomic valve. Tom qab ua tiav qhov tob, cov graphite uas ua tau zoo dhau los ua cov khoom siv foob zoo heev, uas tau ua rau ntau yam foob pob carbon nrog cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom foob. Cov foob pob carbon no siv rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, roj av, hluav taws xob xws li foob dej kub siab.
Vim tias cov graphite uas yoog tau yog tsim los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov graphite uas nthuav dav tom qab kub siab, qhov ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev intercalating uas tseem nyob hauv cov graphite uas yoog tau yog me heev, tab sis tsis tag nrho, yog li qhov muaj thiab cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov neeg sawv cev intercalation muaj feem cuam tshuam loj rau qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Kev xaiv ntawm Carbon Seal ntsej muag khoom siv
Tus thawj tsim khoom siv cov kua qaub sulfuric uas muaj concentrated ua oxidant thiab intercalating agent. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab siv rau lub foob ntawm cov khoom hlau, me me ntawm sulfur uas tseem nyob hauv graphite uas yoog tau pom tias ua rau cov hlau sib cuag xeb tom qab siv ntev. Vim li no, qee tus kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev tau sim txhim kho nws, xws li Song Kemin uas xaiv acetic acid thiab organic acid es tsis yog sulfuric acid. acid, qeeb hauv nitric acid, thiab txo qhov kub mus rau qhov kub hauv chav, ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm nitric acid thiab acetic acid. Los ntawm kev siv cov sib xyaw ntawm nitric acid thiab acetic acid ua tus neeg sawv cev, cov sulfur dawb nthuav dav graphite tau npaj nrog potassium permanganate ua oxidant, thiab acetic acid tau maj mam ntxiv rau nitric acid. Qhov kub raug txo mus rau qhov kub hauv chav, thiab cov sib xyaw ntawm nitric acid thiab acetic acid tau ua. Tom qab ntawd cov flake graphite thiab potassium permanganate ntuj raug ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw no. Hauv qab kev sib xyaw tas li, qhov kub yog 30 C. Tom qab tshuaj tiv thaiv 40 feeb, dej raug ntxuav kom tsis muaj zog thiab qhuav ntawm 50 ~ 60 C, thiab cov graphite nthuav dav tau ua tom qab kev nthuav dav kub siab. Txoj kev no tsis ua tiav vulcanization nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej uas cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag qee qhov ntim ntawm kev nthuav dav, yog li ua tiav qhov xwm txheej ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom siv sealing.
| Hom | M106H | M120H | M106K | M120K | M106F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Hom | Impregnated | Impregnated | Phenol uas tau muab nchuav rau hauv | Cov pa roj carbon antimony (A) | |||||
| Qhov Ceev | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 1.75 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Lub zog tawg | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Lub zog compressive | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Qhov nyuaj | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Qhov porosity | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Kub thiab txias | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
Silicon Carbide mechanical seals
Silicon carbide (SiC) tseem hu ua carborundum, uas yog ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb quartz, roj av coke (lossis thee coke), ntoo chips (uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv thaum tsim cov silicon carbide ntsuab) thiab lwm yam. Silicon carbide kuj muaj cov ntxhia tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv xwm, mulberry. Hauv cov khoom siv niaj hnub no C, N, B thiab lwm yam khoom siv refractory tsis-oxide siab, silicon carbide yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab pheej yig, uas tuaj yeem hu ua xuab zeb kub hlau lossis xuab zeb refractory. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim khoom lag luam ntawm silicon carbide yog muab faib ua cov silicon carbide dub thiab cov silicon carbide ntsuab, ob qho tib si yog cov siv lead ua hexagonal nrog qhov sib piv ntawm 3.20 ~ 3.25 thiab microhardness ntawm 2840 ~ 3320kg / m²
Cov khoom siv silicon carbide muaj ntau hom raws li qhov chaw siv sib txawv. Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev kho tshuab. Piv txwv li, silicon carbide yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev foob silicon carbide vim nws tiv taus tshuaj lom neeg zoo, muaj zog, tawv, hnav tsis kam, sib txhuam me me thiab tiv taus kub.
Cov nplhaib SIC Seal muaj peev xwm muab faib ua lub nplhaib zoo li qub, lub nplhaib txav mus los, lub nplhaib tiaj tus thiab lwm yam. SiC silicon tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam khoom carbide, xws li lub nplhaib tig silicon carbide, lub rooj zaum ruaj khov silicon carbide, lub hav txwv yeem silicon carbide, thiab lwm yam, raws li cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nws kuj tseem siv tau ua ke nrog cov khoom siv graphite, thiab nws cov coefficient sib txhuam me dua li alumina ceramic thiab cov hlau tawv, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tus nqi PV siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov kua qaub muaj zog thiab cov alkali muaj zog.
SIC txoj kev sib txhuam tsawg dua yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv nws hauv cov foob pob hluav taws xob. Yog li ntawd, SIC tuaj yeem tiv taus kev hnav thiab tsim kua muag zoo dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, ua kom lub foob ntev dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib txhuam tsawg dua ntawm SIC txo qhov xav tau kev siv roj nplua nyeem. Tsis muaj roj nplua nyeem txo qhov ua tau ntawm kev ua qias tuaj thiab xeb, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab.
SIC kuj muaj kev tiv taus zoo heev. Qhov no qhia tau tias nws tuaj yeem siv tas mus li yam tsis puas tsuaj lossis tawg. Qhov no ua rau nws yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv uas xav tau qib siab ntawm kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ruaj khov.
Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem rov ua dua thiab txhuam kom lub foob tuaj yeem kho dua ntau zaus hauv nws lub neej. Feem ntau nws siv ntau dua li kev siv tshuab, xws li hauv cov foob tshuab rau nws txoj kev tiv thaiv xeb zoo, lub zog siab, kev tawv siab, kev hnav zoo, kev sib txhuam me me thiab kev tiv taus kub siab.
Thaum siv rau cov ntsej muag foob pob, silicon carbide ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, lub neej foob ntev dua, cov nqi kho qis dua, thiab cov nqi khiav qis dua rau cov khoom siv tig xws li turbines, compressors, thiab centrifugal twj. Silicon carbide tuaj yeem muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv nyob ntawm seb nws tau tsim li cas. Reaction bonded silicon carbide yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas silicon carbide rau ib leeg hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov txheej txheem no tsis cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv lub cev thiab thermal ntawm cov khoom siv, txawm li cas los xij nws txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv. Cov tshuaj feem ntau uas yog teeb meem yog caustics (thiab lwm yam tshuaj pH siab) thiab cov kua qaub muaj zog, yog li ntawd cov tshuaj silicon carbide uas muaj reaction-bonded yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nrog cov ntawv thov no.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-sintered infiltratedsilicon carbide. Hauv cov khoom siv zoo li no, cov qhov hws ntawm cov khoom siv SIC qub tau puv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag mus los ntawm kev hlawv cov hlau silicon, yog li SiC theem nrab tshwm sim thiab cov khoom siv tau txais cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo heev, ua rau hnav-resistant. Vim nws qhov tsawg kawg nkaus shrinkage, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom loj thiab nyuaj nrog kev kam rau siab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus silicon txwv qhov kub ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws rau 1,350 ° C, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg kuj txwv rau txog pH 10. Cov khoom siv tsis pom zoo rau kev siv hauv cov chaw alkaline hnyav.
Sinteredsilicon carbide yog tau los ntawm kev sintering ib qho pre-compressed zoo heev SIC granulate ntawm qhov kub ntawm 2000 ° C los tsim cov bonds muaj zog ntawm cov noob ntawm cov khoom.
Ua ntej, lub lattice thickens, ces qhov porosity txo qis, thiab thaum kawg cov bonds ntawm cov noob sinter. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm xws li kev ua, ib tug tseem ceeb shrinkage ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim - los ntawm txog li 20%.
SSIC lub nplhaib foob nws tiv taus txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg. Vim tias tsis muaj cov hlau silicon nyob hauv nws cov qauv, nws tuaj yeem siv tau ntawm qhov kub txog li 1600C yam tsis cuam tshuam rau nws lub zog.
| cov khoom | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Qhov porosity (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Qhov Ceev (g/cm3) | 3.05 | 3.1~3.15 |
| Qhov nyuaj | 110~125 (HS) | 2800 (kg/mm2) |
| Modulus Elastic (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| Cov Ntsiab Lus SiC (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Cov ntsiab lus Si (%) | ≤15% | 0.10% |
| Lub zog khoov (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Lub Zog Nqus (kg/mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 |
| Coefficient ntawm kev nthuav dav cua sov (1 / ℃) | 4.5 × 10-6 | 4.3 × 10-6 |
| Kev tiv thaiv cua sov (hauv huab cua) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 xyoo |
TC lub tshuab foob
Cov ntaub ntawv TC muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tawv siab, lub zog, kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam thiab kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws yog hu ua "Industrial Tooth". Vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, nws tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tub rog, aerospace, kev ua khoom siv, metallurgy, kev khawb roj, kev sib txuas lus hluav taws xob, architecture thiab lwm yam teb. Piv txwv li, hauv cov twj tso kua mis, compressors thiab agitators, Tungsten carbide nplhaib yog siv ua cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam zoo thiab kev tawv siab ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom hnav-resistant nrog kub siab, kev sib txhuam thiab corrosion.
Raws li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev siv, TC tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), thiab titanium carbide (YN).
Tungsten cobalt (YG) cov hlau tawv yog tsim los ntawm WC thiab Co. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv brittle xws li hlau cam khwb cia, cov hlau tsis yog ferrous thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog hlau.
Stellite (YT) yog tsim los ntawm WC, TiC thiab Co. Vim yog qhov ntxiv ntawm TiC rau hauv cov hlau, nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev hnav tau zoo dua, tab sis lub zog khoov, kev sib tsoo kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua kom sov tau txo qis. Vim nws qhov brittleness nyob rau hauv qhov kub qis, nws tsuas yog tsim rau kev txiav ceev ceev cov ntaub ntawv dav dav thiab tsis yog rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv brittle.
Tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) yog ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau alloy los ua kom qhov kub siab hardness, lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam los ntawm kev siv cov tantalum carbide lossis niobium carbide kom raug. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov toughness kuj tau txhim kho nrog kev ua tau zoo dua ntawm kev txiav. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv txiav tawv thiab kev txiav tsis tu ncua.
Cov titanium carbonized base class (YN) yog ib qho alloy tawv nrog TiC, nickel thiab molybdenum theem tawv. Nws qhov zoo yog qhov nyuaj siab, muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev sib txuas, tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab tiv thaiv oxidation. Thaum kub tshaj 1000 degrees, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau. Nws siv tau rau kev ua tiav tas mus li ntawm cov hlau alloy thiab cov hlau quenching.
| qauv | cov ntsiab lus nickel (wt%) | qhov ceev (g/cm²) | qhov nyuaj (HRA) | lub zog khoov (≥N / mm²) |
| YN6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.5-91.0 | 1800 xyoo |
| YN8 | 7.7-8.2 | 14.4-14.8 | 87.5-90.0 | 2000 xyoo |
| qauv | Cov ntsiab lus cobalt (wt%) | qhov ceev (g/cm²) | qhov nyuaj (HRA) | lub zog khoov (≥N / mm²) |
| YG6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 | 89.5-91.0 | 1800 xyoo |
| YG8 | 7.8-8.2 | 14.5-14.9 | 88.0-90.5 | 1980 xyoo |
| YG12 | 11.7-12.2 | 13.9-14.5 | 87.5-89.5 | 2400 |
| YG15 | 14.6-15.2 | 13.9-14.2 | 87.5-89.0 | 2480 |
| YG20 | 19.6-20.2 | 13.4-13.7 | 85.5-88.0 | 2650 |
| YG25 | 24.5-25.2 | 12.9-13.2 | 84.5-87.5 | 2850 |