Mechanical sealsua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv kev xau rau ntau yam kev lag luam sib txawv. Hauv kev lag luam marine muajtwj mechanical seals, rotating ncej mechanical seals. Thiab hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj muajcartridge mechanical seals,split mechanical seals lossis dry gas mechanical seals. Nyob rau hauv lub tsheb industries muaj dej mechanical seals. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tshuaj muaj cov khoom sib tov sib xyaw (agitator mechanical seals) thiab compressor mechanical seals.
Nyob ntawm seb qhov kev siv sib txawv, nws xav tau cov khoom siv sib khi nrog cov khoom sib txawv. Muaj ntau ntau hom khoom siv nyob rau hauv lubmechanical ncej seals xws li ceramic mechanical seals, carbon mechanical seals, Silicone carbide mechanical seals,SSIC mechanical seals thiabTC mechanical seals.
Ceramic mechanical seals
Ceramic mechanical seals yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv ntau daim ntawv thov kev lag luam, tsim los tiv thaiv cov kua dej ntawm ob qhov chaw, xws li cov ncej tig thiab lub tsev nyob ruaj khov. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj no muaj nuj nqis heev rau lawv qhov tshwj xeeb hnav tsis kam, tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ceramic yog tswj kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov cuab yeej los ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov kua dej los yog kev sib kis. Lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau industries, xws li roj thiab roj, chemical processing, dej kho, tshuaj, thiab zaub mov ua. Kev siv dav ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau lawv cov kev tsim kho ruaj khov; lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic siab heev uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo dua piv rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv foob.
Ceramic mechanical seals muaj ob yam tseem ceeb: ib qho yog lub ntsej muag nyob ruaj ruaj (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic), thiab lwm qhov yog lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag (feem ntau tsim los ntawm carbon graphite). Qhov kev txiav txim sealing tshwm sim thaum ob lub ntsej muag raug nias ua ke siv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav quab yuam, tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv cov kua dej. Raws li cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, cov zaj duab xis lubricating ntawm lub ntsej muag sealing txo kev sib txhuam thiab hnav thaum tuav lub foob nruj.
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas sib cais cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ceramic los ntawm lwm hom yog lawv qhov zoo heev rau hnav. Ceramic cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov khoom zoo heev hardness uas tso cai rau lawv tiv taus cov mob abrasive yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Qhov no ua rau cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ntev ntev uas yuav tsum tau hloov tsis tu ncua lossis kho dua li cov khoom siv softer.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev hnav tsis kam, ceramics kuj muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thermal stability. Lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj kev degradation lossis poob lawv cov sealing efficiency. Qhov no ua rau lawv tsim nyog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub uas lwm cov ntaub ntawv foob tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav ntxov.
Thaum kawg, ceramic mechanical seals muab cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, nrog rau ntau yam corrosive. Qhov no ua rau lawv muaj kev xaiv txaus nyiam rau kev lag luam uas niaj hnub cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj hnyav thiab cov kua dej hnyav.
Ceramic mechanical seals yog qhov tseem ceebcov ntsaws ruaj ruajtsim los tiv thaiv cov kua dej tawm hauv cov khoom siv. Lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li hnav tsis kam, thermal stability, thiab tshuaj lom neeg sib raug zoo, ua rau lawv xaiv rau ntau yam kev siv thoob plaws ntau qhov kev lag luam.
| ceramic lub cev khoom | ||||
| Technical parameter | chav tsev | 95% | 99% | 99.50% |
| Qhov ntom | g/cm3 | 3.7 | 3.88 ib | 3.9 |
| Hardness | HRA | 85 | 88 | 90 |
| Porosity tus nqi | % | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.15 |
| Fractural zog | MPa | 250 | 310 | 350 |
| Coefficient ntawm tshav kub expansion | 10 (-6) / K | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 |
| Thermal conductivity | W/MK | 27.8 ib | 26.7 ib | 26 |
Carbon mechanical seals
Mechanical carbon seal muaj keeb kwm ntev. Graphite yog ib qho isoform ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Xyoo 1971, Tebchaws Meskas tau kawm txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv graphite mechanical sealing, uas daws cov dej xau ntawm atomic zog valve. Tom qab kev sib sib zog nqus ua tiav, cov graphite hloov tau dhau los ua cov khoom sib khi zoo heev, uas tau ua rau ntau yam carbon mechanical seals nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom sib khi. Cov pa roj carbon mechanical seals no yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam chemical, roj av, hluav taws xob fais fab kev lag luam xws li kub kub kua nplaum.
Vim tias cov graphite saj zawg zog yog tsim los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov graphite tom qab qhov kub thiab txias, tus nqi ntawm intercalating tus neeg sawv cev tseem tshuav nyob rau hauv cov graphite saj zawg zog yog tsawg heev, tab sis tsis tag nrho, yog li lub hav zoov thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm intercalation tus neeg saib xyuas muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov zoo. thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom.
Xaiv cov Carbon Seal ntsej muag khoom
Tus thawj inventor siv concentrated sulfuric acid ua oxidant thiab intercalating tus neeg sawv cev. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab tau thov rau lub foob ntawm cov khoom siv hlau, ib qho me me ntawm cov sulfur tshuav nyob rau hauv cov graphite hloov tau raug pom los ua rau cov hlau tiv tauj tom qab siv ntev. Raws li cov ntsiab lus no, qee cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev tau sim txhim kho nws, xws li Song Kemin uas tau xaiv acetic acid thiab organic acid es tsis txhob sulfuric acid. acid, qeeb hauv nitric acid, thiab txo qhov kub ntawm chav tsev kub, ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm nitric acid thiab acetic acid. Los ntawm kev siv cov sib tov ntawm nitric acid thiab acetic acid ua tus neeg sawv cev, cov sulfur dawb nthuav graphite tau npaj nrog poov tshuaj permanganate ua oxidant, thiab acetic acid maj mam ntxiv rau nitric acid. Qhov kub thiab txias yog txo mus rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab sib tov ntawm nitric acid thiab acetic acid yog ua. Tom qab ntawd lub ntuj flake graphite thiab poov tshuaj permanganate ntxiv rau qhov sib tov. Nyob rau hauv tas li stirring, qhov kub yog 30 C. Tom qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv 40min, cov dej yog ntxuav mus rau nruab nrab thiab qhuav ntawm 50 ~ 60 C, thiab lub expansion graphite yog ua tom qab kub expansion. Txoj kev no ua tiav tsis muaj vulcanization nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov khoom tuaj yeem ncav cuag qee qhov ntim ntawm kev nthuav dav, thiaj li ua tiav qhov kev ruaj khov ntawm cov khoom sib khi.
| Hom | M106 H | M120 H | M106K | M120K | M106 F | M120F | M106D | M120D | M254D |
| Hom | Impregnated | Impregnated | Impregnated Phenol | Antimony Carbon (A) | |||||
| Qhov ntom | 1.75 ib | 1.7 | 1.75 ib | 1.7 | 1.75 ib | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
| Fractural zog | 65 | 60 | 67 | 62 | 60 | 55 | 65 | 60 | 55 |
| Compressive zog | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 200 | 180 | 220 | 220 | 210 |
| Hardness | 85 | 80 | 90 | 85 | 85 | 80 | 90 | 90 | 65 |
| Porosity | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1.5 | <1.5 | <1.5 |
| Kub kub | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 250 | 400 | 400 | 450 |
Silicon Carbide mechanical seals
Silicon carbide (SiC) tseem hu ua carborundum, uas yog ua los ntawm quartz xuab zeb, roj av coke (los yog coke coke), ntoo chips (uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv thaum tsim ntsuab silicon carbide) thiab hais txog. Silicon carbide kuj muaj cov ntxhia tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv qhov, mulberry. Nyob rau hauv tam sim no C, N, B thiab lwm yam uas tsis yog-oxide high technology refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv, silicon carbide yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv thiab kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv, uas yuav hu ua kub steel xuab zeb los yog refractory xuab zeb. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam ntawm silicon carbide tau muab faib ua dub silicon carbide thiab ntsuab silicon carbide, ob qho tib si yog hexagonal crystals nrog ib feem ntawm 3.20 ~ 3.25 thiab microhardness ntawm 2840 ~ 3320kg / m².
Silicon carbide cov khoom tau muab faib ua ntau hom raws li qhov sib txawv daim ntawv thov ib puag ncig. Nws yog feem ntau siv ntau mechanically. Piv txwv li, silicon carbide yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau silicon carbide mechanical seal vim nws cov tshuaj zoo corrosion kuj, siab zog, siab hardness, zoo hnav tsis kam, me me kev sib txhuam coefficient thiab kub tsis kam.
SIC Seal rings tuaj yeem muab faib ua lub nplhaib zoo li qub, txav lub nplhaib, lub nplhaib tiaj tus thiab lwm yam. SiC silicon tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam khoom siv carbide, xws li silicon carbide rotary nplhaib, silicon carbide chaw nres tsheb, silicon carbide hav txwv yeem, thiab lwm yam, raws li qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Nws tseem tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog cov khoom siv graphite, thiab nws cov kev sib txhuam coefficient yog me dua li alumina ceramic thiab hard alloy, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov nqi PV siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov mob ntawm cov kua qaub thiab muaj zog alkali.
SIC qhov kev sib txhuam txo qis yog ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv nws hauv cov tshuab foob. Yog li SIC tuaj yeem tiv taus hnav thiab tsim kua muag zoo dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv, txuas lub neej ntawm lub foob. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm SIC txo qis qhov yuav tsum tau rau lubrication. Tsis muaj lubrication txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib kis thiab corrosion, txhim kho efficiency thiab kev ntseeg tau.
SIC kuj muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau hnav. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau tas li yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis tawg. Qhov no ua rau nws cov khoom zoo meej rau kev siv uas xav tau qib siab ntawm kev cia siab thiab kav ntev.
Nws tseem tuaj yeem rov lapped thiab polished yog li lub foob tuaj yeem hloov kho ntau zaus hauv nws lub neej. Nws feem ntau yog siv ntau dua mechanically, xws li hauv cov tshuab foob rau nws cov tshuaj zoo corrosion kuj, siab zog, siab hardness, zoo hnav tsis kam, me me kev sib txhuam coefficient thiab kub tsis kam.
Thaum siv rau lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, silicon carbide ua rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, ua kom lub neej muaj zog, txo tus nqi kho, thiab txo cov nqi khiav lag luam xws li turbines, compressors, thiab centrifugal twj. Silicon carbide tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom sib txawv nyob ntawm seb nws tau tsim li cas. Reaction bonded silicon carbide yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm silicon carbide hais rau ib leeg hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov txheej txheem no tsis cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm lub cev thiab thermal zog ntawm cov khoom, tab sis nws txwv tsis pub cov tshuaj tsis haum ntawm cov khoom. Cov tshuaj feem ntau uas muaj teeb meem yog caustics (thiab lwm yam tshuaj pH siab) thiab cov kua qaub uas muaj zog, thiab yog li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-bonded silicon carbide yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nrog cov ntawv thov no.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv-sintered infiltratedsilicon carbide. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub pores ntawm tus thawj SIC cov ntaub ntawv yog sau nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm infiltration los ntawm hlawv tawm hlau silicon, yog li theem nrab SiC tshwm thiab cov khoom tau txais tshwj xeeb txhua yam khoom, ua hnav-resistant. Vim nws qhov me me shrinkage, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom loj thiab nyuaj nrog kev ua siab ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntsiab lus silicon txwv qhov siab tshaj plaws kev khiav hauj lwm kub mus rau 1,350 ° C, tshuaj tiv thaiv kuj tseem txwv rau pH 10. Cov khoom siv tsis pom zoo siv rau hauv qhov hnyav alkaline ib puag ncig.
Sinteredsilicon carbide yog tau los ntawm sintering ib tug pre-compressed zoo heev SIC granulate ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 2000 ° C los tsim muaj zog bonds ntawm cov nplej ntawm cov khoom.
Ua ntej, lub lattice thickens, ces lub porosity txo, thiab thaum kawg cov bonds ntawm cov nplej sinter. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm xws li ua, ib tug loj shrinkage ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim - los ntawm 20%.
SSIC foob nplhaib yog resistant rau tag nrho cov tshuaj. Txij li thaum tsis muaj cov hlau nplaum silicon nyob hauv nws cov qauv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau qhov kub txog li 1600C yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau nws lub zog.
| khoom | R-SiC | S-SiC |
| Porosity (%) | ≤0.3 | ≤0.2 |
| Qhov ceev (g / cm3) | 3.05 Nws | 3.1-3.15 Nws |
| Hardness | 110 ~ 125 hli | 2800 (kg / hli) |
| Elastic Modulus (Gpa) | ≥400 | ≥410 |
| SiC Cov ntsiab lus (%) | ≥85% | ≥99% |
| Cov ntsiab lus (%) | ≤ 15% | 0.10% |
| Khoov zog (Mpa) | ≥350 | 450 |
| Compressive zog (kg / mm2) | ≥2200 | 3900 ib |
| Coefficient ntawm tshav kub expansion (1 / ℃) | 4.5 × 10-6 | 4.3 × 10-6 |
| Thaum tshav kub kub tsis kam (hauv huab cua) (℃) | 1300 | 1600 |
TC mechanical foob
TC cov ntaub ntawv muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm siab hardness, lub zog, abrasion kuj thiab corrosion kuj. Nws yog hu ua "Industrial Hniav". Vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, nws tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tub rog, aerospace, mechanical processing, metallurgy, roj drilling, hluav taws xob kev sib txuas lus, architecture thiab lwm yam kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis, compressors thiab agitators, Tungsten carbide nplhaib yog siv los ua txhua yam ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Zoo abrasion tsis kam thiab siab hardness ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom hnav-resistant nrog kub, kev sib txhuam thiab corrosion.
Raws li nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev siv cov yam ntxwv, TC tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg: tungsten cobalt (YG), tungsten-titanium (YT), tungsten titanium tantalum (YW), thiab titanium carbide (YN).
Tungsten cobalt (YG) nyuaj alloy yog tsim los ntawm WC thiab Co.
Stellite (YT) yog tsim los ntawm WC, TiC thiab Co. Vim yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm TiC rau cov hlau, nws cov kev hnav tsis kam yog txhim kho, tab sis lub zog dabtsi yog khoov, sib tsoo kev ua tau zoo thiab thermal conductivity tau poob qis. Vim nws brittleness nyob rau hauv qis kub, nws tsuas yog haum rau high-ceev txiav cov ntaub ntawv thiab tsis ua rau cov khoom nkig.
tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) cobalt (YW) yog ntxiv rau cov hlau kom nce qhov kub thiab txias hardness, lub zog thiab kev puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov tsim nyog ntawm tantalum carbide lossis niobium carbide. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub toughness kuj tau txhim kho nrog kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txiav. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj thiab txiav txiav.
Carbonized titanium puag chav kawm (YN) yog ib qho nyuaj alloy nrog rau theem nyuaj ntawm TiC, npib tsib xee thiab molybdenum. Nws qhov zoo yog siab hardness, tiv thaiv kev sib khi muaj peev xwm, tiv thaiv crescent hnav thiab muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv oxidation. Ntawm qhov kub ntawm ntau tshaj 1000 degrees, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua machined. Nws muaj feem xyuam rau kev nruam-tiav ntawm alloy steel thiab quenching steel.
| qauv | nickel cov ntsiab lus (wt%) | Qhov ceev (g / cm²) | Hardness (HRA) | dabtsi yog khoov zog (≥N / mm²) |
| YN 6 | 5.7-6.2 | 14.5-14.9 Nws | 88.5-91.0 Nws | 1800 |
| YN 8 | 7.7-8.2 Nws | 14.4-14.8 Nws | 87.5-90.0 Nws | 2000 |
| qauv | cobalt cov ntsiab lus (wt%) | Qhov ceev (g / cm²) | Hardness (HRA) | dabtsi yog khoov zog (≥N / mm²) |
| YG 6 | 5.8-6.2 | 14.6-15.0 Nws | 89.5-91.0 Nws | 1800 |
| YG 8 | 7.8-8.2 Nws | 14.5-14.9 Nws | 88.0-90.5 Nws | Xyoo 1980 |
| YG 12 | 11.7-12.2 Nws | 13.9-14.5 Nws | 87.5-89.5 Nws | 2400 |
| YG 15 | 14.6-15.2 Nws | 13.9-14.2 Nws | 87.5-89.0 Nws | 2480 ib |
| YG 20 | 19.6-20.20 Nws | 13.4-13.7 Nws | 85.5-88.0 Nws | 2650 |
| YG 25 | 24.5-25.2 Nws | 12.9-13.2 Nws | 84.5-87.5 Nws | 2850 |